AnnaD

Hello everybody!

** TABLE MANNERS (with corrections) ** Table manners refer to the way in which someone behaves when eating a meal at table. They vary in different countries and cultures and they have changed over the time. Good table manners are important because they permit both the guests and the hosts to be comfortable at the table. Of course there are surely situations commonly shared over world from America to Europe, such as not speaking with your mouth full of food, chewing quietly, not blowing your nose on your napkin and keeping your elbows off the table. What is more is that reporting some typical table manners could be a useful tool to know some peculiarities of each peoples and perhaps to understand what is socially acceptable or not. Many Tanzanian table manners rules are similar to British ones, apart from the use of cutlery which is considered a bit pretentious in many African countries, where people usually eat with the right hand from a communal dish, as in India, where in the south part, rice snacks and sweets are served on a cleaned banana leaf. The left hand is considered rude and dirty both in Malaysia and in Indonesia. Before eating Muslims often recite a prayer saying grace to God and this happens also in Pakistan and in Afghanistan. In African countries children can eat with adults only if instructed to do so. In Afghanistan dinner is served by the young. In Japan during communal dining the youngest person should pour alcohol for the other members of the meal, starting with the most senior person first. The disposition of the guests in Afghanistan is structured, that is, the guest has to sit far from the door and if there are no guests, it is the grandparents who have to take this place. In Philippines and in Chile the head of the table is usually occupied by the guest or by the head of the household, for example the father. In China eating together plays an important role in society since it permits people to stay in contact with their families and to develop friendship. Typical Chinese and Japanese table manners include, as we well known, the use of the chopsticks (instead of forks and knives), whose correct use is thought in China to bring luck. In addition, viewing an adult sucking the tips of the chopsticks after a meal or playing with chopstick or cutlery does not convey a positive image of the eater in any countries. There are also shared rules in Europe that deal with the behaviour between the host and the guest. Firstly, the host has to offer, as in many countries, his best food or the best part of his food to the guest. Secondly, the host has to stand until the guest of honour is seated. Finally, the guest must tell in any case that the prepared food tastes good before leaving the table, especially in Russia where it is also polite to leave a little food to show that you have appreciated it and the hospitality was plentiful. Also in France is always important to say “please” and “thank you”. Both in America and in Europe you should excuse yourself when leaving the table temporarily. It is considered rude to answer the telephone at the table. In case of an urgent call, go outside saying “Excuse me. I’ll be right back”. Moreover it is not necessary to state if you are going to the restroom. Both in Italy and France we can observe rules about the position of cutlery after finishing eating. Respectively in Italy knife and fork should place diagonally across your plate so it can be removed, whereas in France you should place the cutlery parallel, vertically at the centre of your plate. In America this changes, so when you have finished your meal, place all the utensils at four o’clock, never put them on the table. After this world-wide view about table manners what emerges is the fact that is not only, for example, the typical food you might taste when you visit a new country, which could be a sign of distinctiveness but how other people eat. That is to say that the human table behaviour is different. Cooking development marks the origin of human cultural progress. Starting with the use of the fire to cook by the Neanderthal man, passing to the world’s oldest kitchen built 11,000 years ago in Syria to arrive at nowadays where we are witnesses to the invention of new cutlery such as a Ramen spoon-fork. (For the image of the spoon-fork you can easily follow the link below). The first modern fork is thought to have been used in the eleventh century by the wife of the Venetian doge, then its use spread starting from France. Before this example, the Ancient Romans used a kind of special spoon with one prong for fish. The use of a fork is justified to avoid fingers on the meat, which is a sign of an unclean meal, even if in the past there was a shared fork during meal. It is only in the nineteenth century that we can observe modifications to the design of the fork with an added fourth prong and then shortened its shape. If we are accustomed when cutting to handle the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left, it is due to the English bourgeoisie.

http://www.designbuzz.it/2008/06/06/come-ti-metto-insieme-cucchiaio-e-forchetta/

** TABLE MANNERS **

Table manners refer to the way in which someone behaves when eatING a meal at table. They vary in different countries and cultures and they have changed over the time. Good table manners are important because they permit that  both the guests and the hosts TO BE  are  comfortable at the table.

On the one hand there are surely situations commonly shared over world from America to Europe, such as NOT do not  speakING with your mouth full of food, chewING quietly,  do  not blowING your nose on your napkin and keepING your elbowS off the table. On the other hand, reporting some typical table manners could be a useful tool to know some peculiarities of each peoples and perhaps to understand what it  is socially acceptable or not. Many Tanzanian table manners rules are similar to the  British ones, apart from the use of cutlery which is considered a bit pretentious in many African countries, where people usually eat with the right hand from a communal dish, as in India, where in the south part, rice snacks and sweets are served on a CLEANED banana  cleaned  leaf. The left hand is considered rude and dirty both in Malaysia and in Indonesia. Before eating MuslimS often recite a prayer saying grace to God and this happenS also in Pakistan and in Afghanistan. In African countries children can eat with adults only if instructed to do SO. In Afghanistan dinner is served by the young. In Japan during communal dining the youngest person should pour alcohol for the other members of the meal, starting with the most senior person first. The disposition of the guests in Afghanistan is structured, that is, the guest has to sit far from the door and if there ARE is  no guests, IT IS  are  the grandparents who have to take this place. In Philippines and in Chile the head of the table is usually occupied by the guest or by the head of the household, for example the father. In China eating together plays an important role in society since IT that  permits PEOPLE to stay in contact with THEIR  your  familIES and to develop friendship. Typical Chinese and Japanese table manners include, as we WELL KNOW well known , the use of the chopsticks (instead of forks and knives), whose correct use is thought in China to bring luck. It is truE th the contrary such as viewing an adult sucking the tips of the chopsticks after a meal or playing with chopstick or cutlery certainly does not convey a positive image of the eater in any countries, America n  includeD s. THIS SENTENCE IS NOT REALLY CLEAR There are also shared rules in Europe that dealt WHY PAST TENSE? with the behaviour between the host and the guest. Firstly, the host has to offer, as in many countries, his best food or the best part of his food to the guest. Secondly, the host has to stand until the guest of honour is seated. Finally, the guest must tell in any case that the prepared food tastes good before leaving the table, especially in Russia where it is also polite to leave a little food to show that you have appreciated it and the hospitality was plentiful. Also in France is always important to say “please” and “thank you”. Both in America and in Europe you should excuse yourself when leaving the table temporarily. It is considered rude to answer the telephone at the table. In case of an urgent call, go outside saying “Excuse me. I’ll be right back”. Moreover it is not necessary to state if you are going to the restroom. Both in Italy and France we can observe rules about the position of cutlery after finishing eating. Respectively in Italy knife and fork should place diagonally across your plate so it can be removed, whereas in France you should place the cutlery parallel, vertically at the centre of your plate. In America this changes, so when you have finished your meal, place all the utensils at four o’clock, never put them on the table. After this world-wide view about table manners what EMERGES IS might emerged could be  the fact that not only the kind of food you eat which could be a sign of distinctiveness but how you eat so the way humans behaves at table. THIS SENTENCE IS NOT REALLY CLEAR Cooking development marks the origin of human cultural progress. Starting with the use of the fire to cook by the Neanderthal man, passing to the world’s oldest kitchen built 11,000 years ago in Syria to arrive at nowadays where we are witnesses to the invention of new cutlery such as a Ramen spoon-fork. (For the image of the spoon-fork you can easily follow the link below). The first modern fork is thought to have been used in the eleventh century by the wife of the Venetian doge, then its use spread starting from France. Before this example, the Ancient Romans used a kind of special spoon with one prong for fish. The use of A fork is justified to avoid fingers on the meat, which is a sign OF AN on unclean meal, even if in the past there was a SHARED common fork during meal. It is only in the nineteenth century THAT in which we can observe modifications to the design of the fork with an added fourth prong and then shortened its shape. If we are accustomed when cutting to handle the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left, IT is due to the English bourgeoisie.

YOU'VE GIVEN LOTS OF INTERESTING EXAMPLES - HERE ARE A FEW NOTES TO HELP YOU IMPROVE THE TEXT:

THERE ARE TOO MANY NEW PARAGRAPHS IN THE FIRST PART - COULD YOU PUT SOME SENTENCES TOGETHER?

WHEN YOU USE 'ON THE ONE HAND - ON THE OTHER HAND' THERE SHOULD BE A CONTRAST BETWEEN THE 2 IDEAS - THIS DOESN'T SEEM TO BE THE CASE IN PARAG. 3

HOPE YOU CAN UNDERSTAND MY CORRECTIONS (IN CAPITALS) - YOU'VE GIVEN LOTS OF INTERESTING EXAMPLES - I HOPE YOU HAVE TIME TO CORRECT IT!

http://www.designbuzz.it/2008/06/06/come-ti-metto-insieme-cucchiaio-e-forchetta/